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The collection of Emperor Leopold I composed the works he inherited from Archduke Leopold Wilhelm and famous paintings at Stallburg that could be traced back to the holdings of Emperor Rudolf II (1552-1612). At that time, Archduke Ferdinand Charles (1628-1662) of the Tyrolean Habsburg line married the heiress of the Medici House in Tuscany, thereby bringing masterpieces of sixteenth and seventeenth century Florentine painting into the Innsbruck collection. After the Tyrol bloodline died out, however, all artworks and territory returned to the possession of Emperor Leopold I (1640-1705).

Prince Eugene of Savoy not only had a palace built in Vienna, he also had constructed the Baroque castle Belvedere, which he sumptuously decorated. He also had built the Castle Hof on the March (referring to the Morava River), all of which had beautiful gardens. Following the Prince's death, the entire collection was taken by Anna Victoria, his niece and sole heir, to Turin in Italy. Only a few paintings decorating the Town Castle in Vienna were left behind and are now still preserved in the picture galleries.